37 On the process of transforming the opaque other into a monstrous ‘alien' whose identity was thereby inaccessible, see Kearney, Richard. Strangers, gods and monsters. London/New York: Routledge, 2003. Lilia M. Schwarcz (Retrato em branco e negro: jornais, escravos e cidad? em S?Paulo no final do s?lo XIX. S?Paulo: Cia. das Letras, 1987) provides an ingenious argument on the late 19th century press's construction of the ‘Brazilian negro' as ‘violent and degenerate' and later as ‘strange' and ‘foreign.
